er

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "er"

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Mimetic (sound of hesitation)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɜː/
  • Used in non-rhotic dialects. Compare uh.
  • Audio (US)
    		(file)

Interjection[edit]

er

  1. Said when hesitating in speech.

Verb[edit]

er (third-person singular simple present ers, present participle erring, simple past and past participle erred)

  1. (informal) To utter the word "er" when hesitating in speech, found in the phrase um and er.
    He ummed and erred his way through the presentation.

See also[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Afrikaans[edit]

Noun[edit]

er (plural erre or ers, diminutive erretjie)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.

Alemannic German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Cognate with German er.

Pronoun[edit]

er m

  1. (personal) he; it

Declension[edit]

Alemannic German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative possessive
1st person singular ich, i mich, mi mir, mer miin
2nd person singular familiar du dich dir diin
polite Si Ine, Ene Ire
3rd person singular m er in im siin
f si ire
n es im siin
1st person plural mir öis öise
2nd person plural ir öi öie
3rd person plural si ine, ene ire

Breton[edit]

Contraction[edit]

er

  1. {{contraction of|br|e (“in”) + ur (“a(n)”)
  2. {{contraction of|br|e (“in”) + ar (“the”)

Cimbrian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ (“he, it”), from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he, she, it, they”). Cognate with German er.

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. (Luserna) he, it

Inflection[edit]

Personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person i biar
2nd person du iar
3rd person er, si, 'z se

References[edit]

Cornish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *eriros (“eagle”) (compare Breton erer, Welsh eryr, Old Irish *irar), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“large bird”).

er (an eagle)

Noun[edit]

er m (plural eryon or eres)

  1. eagle

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

er m (plural erys)

  1. heir

Etymology 3[edit]

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun[edit]

er

  1. Soft mutation of ger.

Crimean Tatar[edit]

Adjective[edit]

er

  1. every

Czech[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

er n

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.

Further reading[edit]

Danish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɛr/, [æɐ̯], but often elided in spontaneous speech.

Verb[edit]

er

  1. present of være

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɛr/, /ər/, /dər/

Etymology 1[edit]

Weak form of der, the unstressed form of daar ("there")

Adverb[edit]

er

  1. there (unspecific to distance)
  2. (with a preposition) him, her, it, them.
    Ik heb ermee gewerkt.
    I have worked with it/them.
    Je kunt er de bergen boven zien.
    You can see the mountains above it/them.
Usage notes[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Dutch iro, genitive of the personal pronoun (3rd person plural).

Adverb[edit]

er

  1. (partitive pronoun) of them, of those (often not translated in English)
    Mijn broer heeft drie kinderen en ik heb er twee.
    My brother has three children and I have two. (literally: two of those)
    Ik zie er geen meer.
    I don't see any more (of them).
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

See Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs

Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

East Damar[edit]

Noun[edit]

er

  1. water

References[edit]

Faroese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

er

  1. third-person singular indicative present of at vera
    • Hann er skipari.
      He is a captain/skipper.
    • Hon er úr Føroyum.
      She is from the Faroe Islands.
    • Tað er í ordan.
      It's all right.

Conjugation[edit]

   Conjugation of vera
v
infinitive vera
present participle verandi
past participle -
supine verið
number singular plural
person first second third all
indicative eg tú hann/hon/tað vit, tit, teir/tær/tey, tygum
present eri ert er eru
past var vart var vóru
imperative – tú – tit
present — ver! — verið!

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German er, from Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. In northern Old High German there also existed forms with initial h-, namely hē, her, from Proto-Germanic *hiz, whence Central Franconian hä and (from the accusative) Luxembourgish hien. Compare English he. The unusual spelling ih- in the forms ihm, ihn is not related to this. It was introduced in early modern German to distinguish these forms from im, in (when *iem, *ien would not have been acceptable because they would have been read as *jem, *jen).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (standard) IPA(key): /ʔeːɐ̯/, /ʔɛʁ/
  • (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA(key): /ɐ/

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. (personal) he.
    		(file)
    Wo ist Klaus? Wo ist er? ― Where is Klaus? Where is he?
    		(file)
    Dies ist mein Hund. Er heißt Waldi. ― This is my dog. His name is Waldi.
  2. (personal) it (when the grammatical gender of the object/article/thing/animal etc., being referred to, is masculine (der)).
    		(file)
    Dort steht ein Baum. Er ist über hundert Jahre alt. ― There stands a tree. It is more than 100 years old.
  3. (personal, archaic) Alternative spelling of Er (you (polite))
    • (Can we date this quote?), Clemens Brentano, Geschichte vom braven Kasperl und dem schönen Annerl (edited). In: 1835, F. W. Gubitz (editor), Jahrbuch des Nützlichen und Unterhaltenden für 1835, p. 171:
      Da fuhr die Alte überraſcht auf und ſprach: Lieber Herr, gehe er doch nach Haus und bete er fein und lege er ſich ſchlafen.
    • 1837, Brothers Grimm, “Der junge Riese”, in Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 2‎[1], page 27:
      Da sprach er „Vater, ich sehe wohl, bei ihm werd ich nicht satt, will er mir einen Stab von Eisen verschaffen, der stark ist, und den ich vor meinen Knien nicht zerbrechen kann, so will ich wieder fort gehen.“ Da war der Bauer froh, und spannte seine zwei Pferde vor den Wagen, fuhr zum Schmied, und holte einen Stab so groß und dick, als ihn die zwei Pferde nur fahren konnten.
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

Inflection[edit]

German personal pronouns
nominative accusative genitive dative possessive
1st person singular ich mich meiner
(† mein)		 mir mein
2nd person singular (familiar)1 du
(-e)		 dich deiner
(† dein)		 dir dein
3rd person singular m er ihn seiner
(† sein)		 ihm sein
f sie ihrer ihr
n es seiner
(† sein)		 ihm sein
1st person plural wir
(mir)		 uns unser uns unser
2nd person plural (familiar)1 ihr euch euer euch euer
3rd person plural sie ihrer ihnen ihr
polite address naturally: 2nd person sg. or pl.;
grammatically: 2nd person pl. 		Ihr Euch Euer Euch Euer
naturally: 2nd person sg. or pl.;
grammatically: 3rd person pl. 		Sie Ihrer Ihnen Ihr

1Often capitalized, especially in letters

In contemporary German, the genitive forms of personal pronouns are restricted to formal style and are infrequent even then. They may be used

  • for the genitive object still found in a handful of verbs: Ich erbarmte mich seiner. – "I had mercy on him". (Colloquially one would either use the dative case, or a prepositional object, or replace the verb with another.)
  • after the preposition statt ("instead of, in place of"): Ich kam statt seiner in die Mannschaft. – I joined the team in his place. (This sounds antiquated, for which reason an seiner Statt or an seiner Stelle is preferable.)

Further reading[edit]

Hunsrik[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • ëyer (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology[edit]

From Old High German er, from Proto-Germanic *iz. Displaced the northern Old High German forms with h-, e.g. hē, her (see he).

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. he

Inflection[edit]

Hunsrik personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
Proclitic Enclitic str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ich

eich

-ich mich

meich

meer mer

m'r

2nd person singular
(informal) 		du

dau/Dau

-du, -de

-Dau, -De

dich

deich/Deich

deer der

d'r/D'r

3rd person singular (m.) er; där -er ihn en ihm em
3rd person singular (f.) sie; die -se sie / ihns se eer

ehr

re
3rd person singular (n.) es; das

et, 't

's es

et

-et, -'t

ihm em
1st person plural meer mer uns

uhs

2nd person plural deer

Ehr, Dehr

der eich

Auch

3rd person plural sie; die -se sie se denne

Further reading[edit]

Icelandic[edit]

Verb[edit]

er

  1. first-person singular indicative present of vera
    Ég er skemmtilegur.
    I am fun (masculine)
    Hver er ég?
    Who am I?
  2. third-person singular indicative present of vera
    Veit einhver hvar pabbi minn er?
    Does anybody know where my dad is?
    Hver er hann?
    Who is he?

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. (relative) which
    Maður er sá, er Jón heitir.
    There is a man who is named John.
    Konan, er hann var að tala við.
    The woman to whom he was talking.
    Þetta er borgin, er hann kom frá.
    This is the city from which he originated.
    Bærinn, er hún ætlar til.
    The town to which she's heading.
  2. (archaic) in relations with a demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these) or personal pronoun (I, we, they), which represents the genitive of a relative pronoun.
    Það er sú bók, er menn þekkja eigi höfund hennar.
    There is a book whose author people don't know.

Conjunction[edit]

er

  1. (with an "indexical"; ábendingarorð) of a place, of a time
    • Judges 2:19
      En er dómarinn andaðist, breyttu þeir að nýju verr en feður þeirra, með því að elta aðra guði til þess að þjóna þeim og falla fram fyrir þeim. Þeir létu eigi af gjörðum sínum né þrjóskubreytni sinni.
      But when the judge died, the people returned to ways even more corrupt than those of their ancestors, following other gods and serving and worshiping them. They refused to give up their evil practices and stubborn ways.
    Þar er ég kom.
    There whence I came.
    Þá er myndin var búin.
    When the movie was finished.

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • er in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Kembra[edit]

Noun[edit]

er

  1. water

Latin[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Italic *hēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”) (whence also Ancient Greek χήρ (khḗr, “hedgehog”)), a root noun from *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, be bristly”), whence also Ancient Greek χοῖρος (khoîros, “young pig”) and Albanian derr (“pig”) from *ǵʰór-yos.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ēr m (genitive ēris); third declension

  1. hedgehog
Usage notes[edit]

There is some uncertainty as to the exact forms of this word, especially regarding whether the lemma form of this was ēr or ēris, as the forms attested in literature could point to either option. Another form, irim (acc. sing.; found in Plautus, Capt. 184), seems to be a spelling variant.

Declension[edit]

Third-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ēr ērēs
Genitive ēris ērum
Dative ērī ēribus
Accusative ērem ērēs
Ablative ēre ēribus
Vocative ēr ērēs
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

er f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter R.
Usage notes[edit]
  • Multiple Latin names for the letter R, r have been suggested. The most common is er or a syllabic r, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, rē, rrr, ər, rə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιρρε (irrhe).
Coordinate terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ēr”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 193

Latvian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

(file)

Noun[edit]

er m (invariable)

  1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter R/r.

See also[edit]

Low German[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. Alternative spelling of ehr

Mambae[edit]

Noun[edit]

er

  1. water

References[edit]

  • Mambai Language Manual: Ainaro Dialect (2001)

Mandarin[edit]

Romanization[edit]

er

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ér.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of ěr.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of èr.

Usage notes[edit]

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Manx[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish for.

Preposition[edit]

er

  1. on
  2. onto
  3. during
  4. for

Inflection[edit]

Singular Plural
Person 1st 2nd 3rd m. 3rd f. 1st 2nd 3rd
Normal orrym ort er urree orrin erriu orroo
Emphatic orryms orts ersyn urreeish orrinyn erriuish orroosyn

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. third-person singular of er
    on him/it

Derived terms[edit]

Middle Dutch[edit]

Adverb[edit]

er

  1. unstressed form of dāer

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Determiner[edit]

er

  1. Alternative form of hire

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. Alternative form of hire

References[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. Alternative form of hire

References[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Old English ēar.

Noun[edit]

er

  1. Alternative form of eere (“ear of grain”)

Etymology 4[edit]

Determiner[edit]

er

  1. Alternative form of here (“their”)
References[edit]

Etymology 5[edit]

From Old English ǣr.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

er

  1. early
  2. earlier
  3. formerly
  4. rather
References[edit]

Mòcheno[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German ër, from Old High German er, from Proto-West Germanic *iʀ (“he, it”), from Proto-Germanic *iz (“he, she, it, they”). Cognate with German er.

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. he, it

Inflection[edit]

Personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person i biar
2nd person du ir
3rd person er, si, s sei

References[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

er

  1. present of være (=to be)

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

er

  1. present tense of vera and vere
  2. is, are, am (present of to be)
    Boka er skriven. ― The book is written
    Bøkene er skrivne. ― The books are written.
    Eg er framand. ― I am a stranger.

References[edit]

  • “vera” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
  • “er på engelsk”, in DinOrdbok, Nynorsk-engelsk oversettelse‎[2], accessed 2018-10-15

Old Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *airiz.

Preposition[edit]

ēr

  1. before, earlier than

Descendants[edit]

  • Middle Dutch: êer
    • Dutch: eer
    • Limburgish: ieër

Further reading[edit]

  • “ēr (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Conjunction[edit]

ēr

  1. ere, afore

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “ēr (III)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Adverb[edit]

ēr

  1. previously, in an earlier period, in a bygone time
  2. earlier, before a certain time or period

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “ēr (I)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Frisian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. he

Inflection[edit]

Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
nominative ik thū hī hiū, hiō hit wī jī hiā
accusative mī thī hine hiā hit ūs jū, jō hiā
dative mī thī him hire, hiāre him ūs jū, jō him, hirem, hiārem
genitive mīn thīn sīn hire, hiāre sīn ūser jūwer hira, hiāra

Descendants[edit]

  • West Frisian: er

Old High German[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *airiz, whence also Old English ær.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ēr

  1. early

Adverb[edit]

ēr

  1. ere, before
  2. formerly

Conjunction[edit]

ēr

  1. before, until

Preposition[edit]

ēr (+ dative)

  1. before

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *aiz, akin to Old English ār, Old Norse eir.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ēr n

  1. ore
  2. brass
Descendants[edit]
  • Middle High German: er
    • Alemannic German: Eer
      • ⇒ Alemannic German: eerig
  • ⇒ Old High German: ērīn

Etymology 3[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he”), akin to Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is, “he”), Latin is (“he”).

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. he
Inflection[edit]
Old High German personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative
Singular First ih
(ihha, ihcha)		 mīn mir mih
Second dū dīn dir dih
Third Masculine er (her) (sīn) imu, imo inan, in
Feminine siu; sī, si ira (iru, iro) iru, iro sia
Neuter iz es, is imu, imo iz
Plural First wir unsēr uns unsih
Second ir iuwēr iu iuwih
Third Masculine sie iro im, in sie
Feminine sio iro im, in sio
Neuter siu iro im, in siu
Polite form Second   ir iuwēr iu iuwih
Descendants[edit]
  • Middle High German: ër
    • Alemannic German:
      High Alemannic: er, är
      Bernese: är
      Lucerne: aer
      Northeastern: ar
      Walser: är
      Low Alemannic:
      Alsatian: ar, er, ër
      Badisch: er
      Swabian: er, ear
      Swabian Jura: ear
    • Bavarian: er
      Cimbrian: èar, er, ar
      Mòcheno: er
    • Central Franconian:
      Hunsrik: er, ëyer
      Moselle Franconian: er
    • East Central German:
      High Prussian: er
      Lusatian: ar
      South Marchian:
      Berlinerisch: ea
      Silesian German:
      Lower Silesian German: a
      North Moravian: ar
      Upper Silesian German: a
      Thuringian: er
      Central Thuringian: er
      West Thuringian: aa
      Upper Saxon: är
      Erzgebirgisch: aorr
      Meißnisch: är
      Osterländisch: är
    • German: er
    • East Franconian: er, ea
      Main Franconian: ar
      South Franconian: er
    • Rhine Franconian:
      Upper Hessian: er
      Lorraine Franconian: ér, éa
      Palatine German: er
      Pennsylvania German: er
    • Yiddish: ער‎ (er)

References[edit]

  • Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

Old Norse[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse es. The final -s was replaced by -r due to analogy to the plural forms of vera.

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. who, which, that
    • Hávamál verse 76.
      en orðstírr / deyr aldregi / hveim er sér góðan getr

Conjunction[edit]

er

  1. where
  2. when

Verb[edit]

er

  1. third-person singular indicative present of vera

Descendants[edit]

  • Faroese: er
  • Icelandic: er
  • Westrobothnian: -es

References[edit]

  • er in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *airiz, whence also Old English ær.

Adjective[edit]

ēr

  1. early
Declension[edit]
Positive forms of ēr
Strong declension
gender masculine feminine neuter
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative ēr ēre, ēra ēr ēra ēr ēr, ēra
accusative ēran, ēren ēra, ēre ēra ēra ēr ēr, ēra
genitive ēres, ēras ēraro, ēroro, ērero ērara, ēraro ēraro, ēroro, ērero ēres, ēras ēraro, ēroro, ērero
dative ērumu, ērum, ērun, ērun, ēron, ēren, ēran ērun, ēron, ērum ēraro, ēraru, ērara ērun, ēron ērumu, ērum, ērun, ērun, ēron, ēren, ēran ērun, ēron, ērum
Weak declension
gender masculine feminine neuter
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative ēro, ēra ēron, ērun ēra, ēre ēron, ērun, ēran ēra, ēre ēron, ērun
accusative ēron, ēran ēron, ērun ērun, ēron, ēran ēron, ērun, ēran ēra, ēre ēron, ērun
genitive ēren, ēran ērono, ēreno ērun, ēran, ēren ērono ēren, ēran ērono, ēreno
dative ēron, ēren, ēran ēron, ērun ērun, ēran ēron, ērun ēron, ēren, ēran ēron, ērun


Adverb[edit]

ēr

  1. before, ere
  2. formerly

Conjunction[edit]

ēr

  1. before

Preposition[edit]

ēr (+ dative)

  1. before

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *aiz, whence also Old English ār.

Noun[edit]

ēr ?

  1. copper, bronze
  2. ore
Descendants[edit]
  • Middle Low German: ēr

Etymology 3[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old English ār, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).

Noun[edit]

ēr m

  1. messenger, herald

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

er f

  1. genitive plural of era

Scots[edit]

Verb[edit]

er

  1. (South Scots) Second-person simple present form of ti be
  2. (South Scots) Plural simple present form of ti be
  3. (South Scots) First-person singular simple present form of an obscure form of ti be
    A'm er so!

Usage notes[edit]

Used emphatically. See ir.

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Contraction of earlier eder, from Old Norse yðr, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

er c (neuter possessive only ert, plural era)

  1. you (plural, object)
  2. (possessive) your, yours; (speaking to more than one person, about one object)
    Synonym: eran (informal)
  3. (reflexive) reflexive of ni; compare yourselves
    Skulle ni vilja lära er jonglera?
    Would you guys like to learn how to juggle?

Usage notes[edit]

  • See ni for a note on its use as a courteous 2nd person singular.
  • Even though er (2) and its archaic form eder is the possessive pronoun, it does have a genitive form ers and eders, which is only used in expressions like ers majestät (your majesty) and ers höghet (your highness).

Declension[edit]

Swedish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
singular first — jag mig, mej3 min mitt mina
second — du dig, dej3 din ditt dina
third masculine (person) han honom, han2 hans
feminine (person) hon henne hennes
gender-neutral (person)1 hen henom, hen2 hens
common (noun) den den dess
neuter (noun) det det dess
indefinite man or en4 en ens
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
plural first — vi oss vår, våran2 vårt, vårat2 våra
second — ni er er, eran2, ers5 ert, erat2 era
archaic I eder eder, eders5 edert edra
third — de, dom3 dem, dom3 deras
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
1Not universally accepted neologism.
2Informal
4Dialectal, also used lately as a gender-neutral alternative to man.
5Formal address

Anagrams[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Turkic er‎ (er), from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r (“early”).

Adjective[edit]

er

  1. (regionalism) early

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Turkic er‎ (er), from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Related to noun-forming suffix -er.

Noun[edit]

er (definite accusative eri, plural erler)

  1. brave
  2. man, male
  3. noble
  4. conscript, private (soldier of the lowest rank of the army)
  5. tribesman
  6. warrior
Declension[edit]
Inflection
Nominative er
Definite accusative eri
Singular Plural
Nominative er erler
Definite accusative eri erleri
Dative ere erlere
Locative erde erlerde
Ablative erden erlerden
Genitive erin erlerin
Possessive forms
Singular Plural
1st singular erim erlerim
2nd singular erin erlerin
3rd singular eri erleri
1st plural erimiz erlerimiz
2nd plural eriniz erleriniz
3rd plural erleri erleri
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular erim erlerim
2nd singular ersin erlersin
3rd singular er
erdir 		erler
erlerdir
1st plural eriz erleriz
2nd plural ersiniz erlersiniz
3rd plural erler erlerdir

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

er

  1. second-person singular imperative of ermek

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

er

  1. although
    • 2018 September 28, “Cymraeg y Wladfa a Chymraeg Cymru - beth yw'r gwahaniaethau?”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:
      Nid y Sbaeneg (er y byddai hynny'n syniad da hefyd) ond Cymraeg arbennig y Wladfa.
      Not Spanish (although that would also be a good idea) but the particular Welsh of Y Wladfa.
    • 2019 June 13, Llinos Lee, “Y Barri: Mwy na dim ond 'Gavin & Stacey'”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:
      Ges i fy magu yn Y Barri, ac er mod i wedi symud i ffwrdd i'r brifysgol, …
      I was brought up in Barry, and although I moved away for university, …

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

er f (plural eriau)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter R.

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
er unchanged unchanged her
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See also[edit]

West Frisian[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

er

  1. clitic form of hy used before the object or after the verb.
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