Name
|
Category
|
Status (Option code)
|
Description
|
First appeared
|
admin
|
SCCS
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Create and administer SCCS files
|
PWB UNIX
|
alias
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Define or display aliases
|
|
ar
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Create and maintain library archives
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
asa
|
Text processing
|
Optional (FR)
|
Interpret carriage-control characters
|
System V
|
at
|
Process management
|
Mandatory
|
Execute commands at a later time
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
awk
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Pattern scanning and processing language
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
basename
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Return non-directory portion of a pathname; see also dirname
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
batch
|
Process management
|
Mandatory
|
Schedule commands to be executed in a batch queue
|
|
bc
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Arbitrary-precision arithmetic language
|
Version 6 AT&T UNIX
|
bg
|
Process management
|
Optional (UP)
|
Run jobs in the background
|
|
cc /c99
|
C programming
|
Optional (CD)
|
Compile standard C programs
|
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
|
cal
|
Misc
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Print a calendar
|
Version 5 AT&T UNIX
|
cat
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Concatenate and print files
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
cd
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Change the working directory
|
Version 6 AT&T UNIX
|
cflow
|
C programming
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Generate a C-language call graph
|
System V
|
chgrp
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Change the file group ownership
|
PWB UNIX
|
chmod
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Change the file modes/attributes/permissions
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
chown
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Change the file ownership
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
cksum
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Write file checksums and sizes
|
4.4BSD
|
cmp
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Compare two files; see also diff
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
comm
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Select or reject lines common to two files
|
Version 4 AT&T UNIX
|
command
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Execute a simple command
|
|
compress
|
Filesystem
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Compress data
|
4.3BSD
|
cp
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Copy files
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
crontab
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Schedule periodic background work
|
System V
|
csplit
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Split files based on context
|
PWB UNIX
|
ctags
|
C programming
|
Optional (SD)
|
Create a tags file
|
3BSD
|
cut
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Cut out selected fields of each line of a file
|
System III
|
cxref
|
C programming
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Generate a C-language program cross-reference table
|
System V
|
date
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Display the date and time
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
dd
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Convert and copy a file
|
Version 5 AT&T UNIX
|
delta
|
SCCS
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Make a delta (change) to an SCCS file
|
PWB UNIX
|
df
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Report free disk space
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
diff
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Compare two files; see also cmp
|
Version 5 AT&T UNIX
|
dirname
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Return the directory portion of a pathname; see also basename
|
System III
|
du
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Estimate file space usage
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
echo
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Write arguments to standard output
|
Version 2 AT&T UNIX
|
ed
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
The standard text editor
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
env
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Set the environment for command invocation
|
System III
|
ex
|
Text processing
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Text editor
|
1BSD
|
expand
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Convert tabs to spaces
|
3BSD
|
expr
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Evaluate arguments as an expression
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
false
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Return false value
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
fc
|
Misc
|
Optional (UP)
|
Process the command history list
|
|
fg
|
Process management
|
Optional (UP)
|
Run jobs in the foreground
|
|
file
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Determine file type
|
Version 4 AT&T UNIX
|
find
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Find files
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
fold
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Filter for folding lines
|
1BSD
|
fort77
|
FORTRAN77 programming
|
Obsolescent (FD)
|
FORTRAN compiler
|
XPG4
|
fuser
|
Process management
|
Optional (XSI)
|
List process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open
|
System V
|
gencat
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Generate a formatted message catalog
|
|
get
|
SCCS
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Get a version of an SCCS file
|
PWB UNIX
|
getconf
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Get configuration values
|
|
getopts
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Parse utility options
|
|
grep
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Search text for a pattern
|
Version 4 AT&T UNIX
|
hash
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Hash database access method
|
|
head
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Copy the first part of files
|
PWB UNIX[citation needed]
|
iconv
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Codeset conversion
|
HP-UX
|
id
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Return user identity
|
System V
|
ipcrm
|
Misc
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Remove a message queue, semaphore set, or shared memory segment identifier
|
System V
|
ipcs
|
Misc
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Report interprocess communication facilities status
|
System V
|
jobs
|
Process management
|
Optional (UP)
|
Display status of jobs in the current session
|
|
join
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Merges two sorted text files based on the presence of a common field
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
kill
|
Process management
|
Mandatory
|
Terminate or signal processes
|
Version 4 AT&T UNIX
|
lex
|
C programming
|
Optional (CD)
|
Generate programs for lexical tasks
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
link
|
Filesystem
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Create a hard link to a file
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
ln
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Link files
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
locale
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Get locale-specific information
|
|
localedef
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Define locale environment
|
|
logger
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Log messages
|
4.3BSD
|
logname
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Return the user's login name
|
4.4BSD
|
lp
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Send files to a printer
|
System V
|
ls
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
List directory contents
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
m4
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Macro processor
|
PWB UNIX
|
mailx
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Process messages
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
make
|
Programming
|
Optional (SD)
|
Maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs
|
PWB UNIX
|
man
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Display system documentation
|
Version 2 AT&T UNIX
|
mesg
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Permit or deny messages
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
mkdir
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Make directories
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
mkfifo
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Make FIFO special files
|
4.4BSD[dubious – discuss]
|
more
|
Text processing
|
Optional (UP)
|
Display files on a page-by-page basis
|
3BSD
|
mv
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Move or rename files
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
newgrp
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Change to a new group
|
Version 6 AT&T UNIX
|
nice
|
Process management
|
Mandatory
|
Invoke a utility with an altered nice value
|
Version 4 AT&T UNIX
|
nl
|
Text processing
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Line numbering filter
|
System III
|
nm
|
C programming
|
Optional (SD, XSI)
|
Write the name list of an object file
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
nohup
|
Process management
|
Mandatory
|
Invoke a utility immune to hangups
|
Version 4 AT&T UNIX
|
od
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Dump files in various formats
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
paste
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files
|
Version 32V AT&T UNIX
|
patch
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Apply changes to files
|
4.3BSD
|
pathchk
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Check pathnames
|
|
pax
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Portable archive interchange
|
4.4BSD[citation needed]
|
pr
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Print files
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
printf
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Write formatted output
|
4.3BSD-Reno
|
prs
|
SCCS
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Print an SCCS file
|
PWB UNIX
|
ps
|
Process management
|
Mandatory
|
Report process status
|
Version 4 AT&T UNIX
|
pwd
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Print working directory
|
Version 5 AT&T UNIX
|
qalter
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Alter batch job
|
|
qdel
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Delete batch jobs
|
|
qhold
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Hold batch jobs
|
|
qmove
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Move batch jobs
|
|
qmsg
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Send message to batch jobs
|
|
qrerun
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Rerun batch jobs
|
|
qrls
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Release batch jobs
|
|
qselect
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Select batch jobs
|
|
qsig
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Signal batch jobs
|
|
qstat
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Show status of batch jobs
|
|
qsub
|
Batch utilities
|
Obsolescent (BE)
|
Submit a script
|
|
read
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Read a line from standard input
|
|
renice
|
Process management
|
Mandatory
|
Set nice values of running processes
|
4BSD
|
rm
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Remove directory entries
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
rmdel
|
SCCS
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Remove a delta from an SCCS file
|
PWB UNIX
|
rmdir
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Remove directories, if they are empty.
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
sact
|
SCCS
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Print current SCCS file-editing activity
|
System III
|
sccs
|
SCCS
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Front end for the SCCS subsystem
|
4.3BSD
|
sed
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Stream editor
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
sh
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Shell, the standard command language interpreter
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX (in earlier versions, sh was either the Thompson shell or the PWB shell)
|
sleep
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Suspend execution for an interval
|
Version 4 AT&T UNIX
|
sort
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Sort, merge, or sequence check text files
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
split
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Split files into pieces
|
Version 3 AT&T UNIX
|
strings
|
C programming
|
Mandatory
|
Find printable strings in files
|
2BSD
|
strip
|
C programming
|
Optional (SD)
|
Remove unnecessary information from executable files
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
stty
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Set the options for a terminal
|
Version 2 AT&T UNIX
|
tabs
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Set terminal tabs
|
PWB UNIX
|
tail
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Copy the last part of a file
|
PWB UNIX[citation needed]
|
talk
|
Misc
|
Optional (UP)
|
Talk to another user
|
4.2BSD
|
tee
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Duplicate the standard output
|
Version 5 AT&T UNIX
|
test
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Evaluate expression
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
time
|
Process management
|
Mandatory
|
Time a simple command
|
Version 3 AT&T UNIX
|
touch
|
Filesystem
|
Mandatory
|
Change file access and modification times
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
tput
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Change terminal characteristics
|
System V
|
tr
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Translate characters
|
Version 4 AT&T UNIX
|
true
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Return true value
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
tsort
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Topological sort
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
tty
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Return user's terminal name
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
type
|
Misc
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Displays how a name would be interpreted if used as a command
|
|
ulimit
|
Misc
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Set or report file size limit
|
|
umask
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Get or set the file mode creation mask
|
System III
|
unalias
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Remove alias definitions
|
|
uname
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Return system name
|
PWB UNIX
|
uncompress
|
Misc
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Expand compressed data
|
4.3BSD
|
unexpand
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Convert spaces to tabs
|
3BSD
|
unget
|
SCCS
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Undo a previous get of an SCCS file
|
System III
|
uniq
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Report or filter out repeated lines in a file
|
Version 3 AT&T UNIX
|
unlink
|
Filesystem
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Call the unlink function
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
uucp
|
Network
|
Optional (UU)
|
System-to-system copy
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
uudecode
|
Network
|
Mandatory
|
Decode a binary file
|
4BSD
|
uuencode
|
Network
|
Mandatory
|
Encode a binary file
|
4BSD
|
uustat
|
Network
|
Optional (UU)
|
uucp status inquiry and job control
|
System III
|
uux
|
Process management
|
Optional (UU)
|
Remote command execution
|
Version 7 AT&T UNIX
|
val
|
SCCS
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Validate SCCS files
|
System III
|
vi
|
Text processing
|
Optional (UP)
|
Screen-oriented (visual) display editor
|
1BSD
|
wait
|
Process management
|
Mandatory
|
Await process completion
|
Version 4 AT&T UNIX
|
wc
|
Text processing
|
Mandatory
|
Line, word and byte or character count
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
what
|
SCCS
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Identify SCCS files
|
PWB UNIX
|
who
|
System administration
|
Mandatory
|
Display who is on the system
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
write
|
Misc
|
Mandatory
|
Write to another user's terminal
|
Version 1 AT&T UNIX
|
xargs
|
Shell programming
|
Mandatory
|
Construct argument lists and invoke utility
|
PWB UNIX
|
yacc
|
C programming
|
Optional (CD)
|
Yet another compiler compiler
|
PWB UNIX
|
zcat
|
Text processing
|
Optional (XSI)
|
Expand and concatenate data
|
4.3BSD
|