Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

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This article is about the novel. For other uses, see Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (disambiguation).

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory original cover.jpg
Original cover
AuthorRoald Dahl
Illustrator
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
SeriesNone
GenreChildren's fantasy novel
Publisher
Publication date
17 January 1964 (US version)
23 November 1964 (UK version)
OCLC9318922
Followed byCharlie and the Great Glass Elevator 

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1964 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. The story features the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka.

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was first published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. in 1964 and in the United Kingdom by George Allen & Unwin 11 months later. The book has been adapted into two major motion pictures: Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory in 1971, and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in 2005. The book's sequel, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, was written by Roald Dahl in 1971 and published in 1972. Dahl had also planned to write a third book in the series but never finished it.[1]

The story was originally inspired by Roald Dahl's experience of chocolate companies during his schooldays. Cadbury would often send test packages to the schoolchildren in exchange for their opinions on the new products.[2] At that time (around the 1920s), Cadbury and Rowntree's were England's two largest chocolate makers and they each often tried to steal trade secrets by sending spies, posing as employees, into the other's factory. Because of this, both companies became highly protective of their chocolate-making processes. It was a combination of this secrecy and the elaborate, often gigantic, machines in the factory that inspired Dahl to write the story.[3]

Plot[edit]

Eleven-year-old Charlie Bucket is very poor and lives in a small house with his parents and four grandparents. One day, Grandpa Joe tells him about the legendary and eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka and all the wonderful sweets and chocolates he made until the other chocolatiers sent in spies to steal his secret recipes, which led him to close the factory to outsiders. The next day, the newspaper announces that Wonka is re-opening the factory and has invited five lucky children to come on a tour, if they find a Golden Ticket inside a Wonka Bar. The first four golden tickets are found by four ill-mannered children: the gluttonous Augustus Gloop, the spoiled and petulant Veruca Salt, the chewing gum-addicted Violet Beauregarde, and the television-obsessed Mike Teavee.

One day, Charlie sees a 50 pence piece (dollar bill in the US version) buried in the snow. He buys a Wonka Bar and finds the fifth and final golden ticket. He gets offers from many parents but he refuses to give it to anybody. The ticket says he can bring one or two family members with him and Charlie's parents decide to allow Grandpa Joe to go with him.

When the tour begins, Wonka takes the five children and their parents inside the factory, which is a wonderland of confectionery creations that defy logic. They meet the Oompa-Loompas, a race of small people who help him operate the factory.

During the tour, the four "bad" children give in to their individual vices and are ejected from the tour in comical, mysterious, and painful ways. Augustus gets sucked up the pipe to the Fudge Room after drinking from the Chocolate River, Violet blows up into a giant blueberry after chewing an experimental stick of three-course dinner gum, Veruca is thrown down the garbage chute after trying to capture one of the nut-testing squirrels and is considered a "bad nut," and Mike gets shrunk down to size after being sent by Wonkavision while the Oompa-Loompas sing about their behaviour.

With only Charlie remaining in the end, Wonka congratulates him for "winning" the factory. Wonka explains that the whole tour was designed to help him secure a good person to serve as an heir to his business, and Charlie was the only child whose inherent goodness allowed him to pass the morality test. They ride the Great Glass Elevator to Charlie's house; the other four children each go home with a lifetime supply of chocolate, as well as permanent disfigurements from their misbehaviour. Wonka then invites Charlie's family to come and live with him in the factory.

Characters[edit]

Main article: List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters

Publication[edit]

Dahl’s widow said that Charlie was originally written as 'a little black boy.' Dahl’s biographer said the change to a white character was driven by Dahl’s agent, who thought a black Charlie would not appeal to read.[4][5]

In the first published edition, the Oompa-Loompas were described as African pygmies, and were drawn this way in the original printed edition.[4] After the announcement of a film adaptation sparked a statement from the NAACP expressing concern that the transportation of Oompa-Loompas to Wonka's factory resembled slavery, Dahl found himself sympathising with the NAACP's concerns and published a revised edition.[4] In this edition, as well as the subsequent sequel, the Oompa-Loompas were drawn as being white and appearing similar to hippies, and the references to Africa were deleted.[4] Dahl later expressed regret over the original version, saying that his original intention of depicting Charlie as a black child was evidence that he was not racist.[4]

Unused chapters[edit]

Various unused and draft material from Dahl's early versions of the novel have been found. In the initial, unpublished drafts of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory nine golden tickets were distributed to tour Willy Wonka's secret chocolate factory[6] and the children faced more rooms and more temptations to test their self-control.[6][7] Some of the names of the children cut from the final work include:[8]

  • Clarence Crump, Bertie Upside, and Terence Roper (who overindulge in Warming Candies)[9][10]
  • Elvira Entwhistle (lost down a trash chute, renamed Veruca Salt)[6][9]
  • Violet Glockenberry (renamed Strabismus and finally Beauregarde)[6][9][11]
  • Miranda Grope and Augustus Pottle (lost up a chocolate pipe, combined into the character Augustus Gloop)[6][9]
  • Miranda Mary Piker (renamed from Miranda Grope, became the subject of Spotty Powder)[11][12]
  • Marvin Prune (a conceited boy)[8][12]
  • Wilbur Rice and Tommy Troutbeck, the subjects of The Vanilla Fudge Room[6][9][13]
  • Herpes Trout (renamed Mike Teavee)[11]

"Spotty Powder"[edit]

"Spotty Powder" was first published as a short story in 1973.[12][14] In 1998 it was included in the children's horror anthology Scary! Stories That Will Make You Scream edited by Peter Haining. The brief note before the story described the story as having been left out of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory due to an already-brimming number of misbehaving children characters in the tale. In 2005, The Times reprinted "Spotty Powder" as a "lost" chapter, saying that it had been found in Dahl's desk, written backwards in mirror writing (the same way that Leonardo da Vinci wrote in his journals).[7][15] Spotty Powder looks and tastes like sugar, but causes bright red pox-like spots to appear on faces and necks five seconds after ingestion, so children who eat Spotty Powder do not have to go to school. The spots fade on their own a few hours later. After learning the purpose of Spotty Powder, the humourless, smug Miranda Piker and her equally humourless father (a schoolmaster) are enraged and disappear into the Spotty Powder room to sabotage the machine. Soon after entering, they are heard making what Mrs. Piker interprets as screams. Mr. Wonka assures her (after making a brief joke where he claims that headmasters are one of the occasional ingredients) that it is only laughter. Exactly what happens to them is not revealed in the extract.[6][7]

In an early draft, sometime after being renamed from Miranda Grope to Miranda Piker, but before "Spotty Powder" was written, she falls down the chocolate waterfall and ends up in the Peanut-Brittle Mixer. This results in the "rude and disobedient little kid" becoming "quite delicious."[12][16] This early draft poem was slightly rewritten as an Oompa-Loompa song in the lost chapter, which now puts her in the "Spotty-Powder mixer" and instead of being "crunchy and ... good [peanut brittle]" she is now "useful [for truancy] and ... good."[7]

"The Vanilla Fudge Room"[edit]

In 2014, The Guardian revealed that Dahl had removed another chapter ("The Vanilla Fudge Room") from an early draft of the book. The Guardian reported the now-eliminated passage was "deemed too wild, subversive and insufficiently moral for the tender minds of British children almost 50 years ago."[6] In what was originally chapter five in that version of the book, Charlie goes to the factory with his mother (instead of his grandfather, as originally published). At this point, the chocolate factory tour is down to eight kids,[13][17] including Tommy Troutbeck and Wilbur Rice. After the entire group climbs to the top of the titular fudge mountain, eating vanilla fudge along the way, Troutbeck and Rice decide to take a ride on the wagons carrying away chunks of fudge. The wagons take them directly to the Pounding And Cutting Room, where the fudge is reformed and sliced into small squares for retail sale. Wonka states the machine is equipped with "a large wire strainer ... which is used specially for catching children before they fall into the machine" adding that "It always catches them. At least it always has up to now."[13]

The chapter dates back to an early draft with ten golden tickets, including one each for Miranda Grope and Augustus Pottle, who fell into the chocolate river prior to the events of "Fudge Mountain".[6][18] Augustus Pottle was routed to the Chocolate Fudge Room, not the Vanilla Fudge Room explored in this chapter,[13][17] and Miranda Grope ended up in the Fruit and Nuts Room. In a later draft, she became known as Miranda Mary Piker, who went to the Peanut Brittle Room.

"The Warming Candy Room"[edit]

Also in 2014, Vanity Fair published a plot summary of "The Warming Candy Room", wherein three boys eat too many "warming candies" and end up "bursting with heat."[19]

The Warming Candy Room is dominated by a boiler, which heats a scarlet liquid. The liquid is dispensed one drop at a time, where it cools and forms a hard shell, storing the heat and "by a magic process ... the hot heat changes into an amazing thing called 'cold heat.'" After eating a single warming candy, one could stand naked in the snow comfortably. This is met with predictable disbelief from Clarence Crump, Bertie Upside, and Terence Roper, who proceed to eat at least 100 warming candies each, resulting in profuse perspiration. The three boys and their families discontinue the tour after they are taken to cool off "in the large refrigerator for a few hours."[10]

"The Children's-Delight Room"[edit]

Roald Dahl originally planned for a child called Marvin Prune to be included in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Dahl submitted the excised chapter regarding Marvin Prune to The Horn Book Review in the early 1970s.[20] Rather than publish the chapter, Horn Book responded with a critical essay by novelist Eleanor Cameron, who criticised Dahl's worth as a human being.[21]

Although it was believed that Horn Book never returned the chapter, Marvin Prune's chapter is actually available, but it has not yet been published.[citation needed] "The Children's-Delight Room" was reworked into "Spotty Powder".[citation needed] It is present in two versions. One features the workers from "The Vanilla Fudge Room" but also include "tiny whispery voices" who sing the songs after each child's exit, and Charlie with his mother and father. The second version features Grandpa Joe, Charlie's grandfather, who is present in the final book, and the Oompa-Loompas. In the version with the voices, the voices actually sing two songs, a two-verse type one found in "The Vanilla Fudge Room", plus a longer one like the type that is found in the final book. Like Miranda, Marvin loves school and suffers the same fate as her—supposedly getting ground into powder.

Reception[edit]

Fan of the book since childhood, film director Tim Burton wrote: "I responded to Charlie and the Chocolate Factory because it respected the fact that children can be adults."[22][23] In a 2006 list for the Royal Society of Literature, author J. K. Rowling (author of the Harry Potter books) named Charlie and the Chocolate Factory among her top ten books that every child should read.[24]

A 2004 study found that it was a common read-aloud book for fourth-graders in schools in San Diego County, California.[25] A 2012 survey by the University of Worcester determined that it was one of the most common books that U.K. adults had read as children, after Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, and The Wind in The Willows.[26]

Groups who have praised the book include:

In the 2012 survey published by SLJ, a monthly with primarily US audience, Charlie was the second of four books by Dahl among their Top 100 Chapter Books, one more than any other writer.[31] Time magazine in the US included the novel in its list of the 100 Best Young-Adult Books of All Time; it was one of three Dahl novels on the list, more than any other author.[32]

Although the book has always been popular and considered a children's classic by many literary critics, a number of prominent individuals have spoken unfavourably of the novel over the years.[33] Children's novelist and literary historian John Rowe Townsend has described the book as "fantasy of an almost literally nauseating kind" and accused it of "astonishing insensitivity" regarding the original portrayal of the Oompa-Loompas as African black pygmies, although Dahl did revise this in later editions.[34] Another novelist, Eleanor Cameron, compared the book to the sweets that form its subject matter, commenting that it is "delectable and soothing while we are undergoing the brief sensory pleasure it affords but leaves us poorly nourished with our taste dulled for better fare."[21] Ursula K. Le Guin wrote in support of this assessment in a letter to The Horn Book Review, saying that her own daughter would turn "quite nasty" upon finishing the book.[35] Dahl responded to Cameron's criticisms by noting that the classics that she had cited would not be well received by contemporary children.[36]

Adaptations[edit]

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory has frequently been adapted for other media, including games, radio, the screen,[37] and stage, most often as plays or musicals for children – often titled Willy Wonka or Willy Wonka, Jr. and almost always featuring musical numbers by all the main characters (Wonka, Charlie, Grandpa Joe, Violet, Veruca, etc.); many of the songs are revised versions from the 1971 film.[citation needed]

Audiobook[edit]

In 2002, Monty Python member Eric Idle narrated the audiobook version of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.[49]

Editions[edit]

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory has undergone numerous editions and been illustrated by numerous artists.[50]

Books[edit]

  • 1964, OCLC 9318922 (hardcover, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., original, first US edition, illustrated by Joseph Schindelman)
  • 1967, ISBN 9783125737600 (hardcover, George Allen & Unwin, original, first UK edition, illustrated by Faith Jaques)
  • 1973, ISBN 0-394-81011-2 (hardcover, revised Oompa Loompa edition)
  • 1976, ISBN 0-87129-220-3 (paperback)
  • 1980, ISBN 0-553-15097-9 (paperback, illustrated by Joseph Schindelman)
  • 1985, ISBN 0-14-031824-0 (paperback, illustrated by Michael Foreman)
  • 1987, ISBN 1-85089-902-9 (hardcover)
  • 1988, ISBN 0-606-04032-3 (prebound)
  • 1992, ISBN 0-89966-904-2 (library binding, reprint)
  • 1995 (illustrated by Quentin Blake)
  • 1998, ISBN 0-14-130115-5 (paperback)
  • 2001, ISBN 0-375-81526-0 (hardcover)
  • 2001, ISBN 0-14-131130-4 (illustrated by Quentin Blake)
  • 2002, ISBN 0-060-51065-X (audio CD read by Eric Idle)
  • 2003, ISBN 0-375-91526-5 (library binding)
  • 2004, ISBN 0-14-240108-0 (paperback)
  • ISBN 0-8488-2241-2 (hardcover)
  • 2011, ISBN 978-0-14-310633-3 (paperback), Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition, cover by Ivan Brunetti
  • 2014, (hardcover, Penguin UK/Modern Classics, 50th anniversary edition)
  • 2014, (hardcover, Penguin UK/Puffin celebratory golden edition, illustrated by Sir Quentin Blake)[51]
  • 2014, (double-cover paperback)[51]

50th anniversary cover controversy[edit]

The cover photo of the 50th anniversary edition, published by Penguin Modern Classics for sale in the UK and aimed at the adult market, received widespread commentary and criticism.[52] The cover is a photo of a heavily made up young girl seated on her mother's knee and wearing a doll-like expression, taken by the photographers Sofia Sanchez and Mauro Mongiello as part of a photo shoot for a 2008 fashion article in a French magazine, for a fashion article titled "Mommie Dearest."[51][53] In addition to writing that "the image seemingly has little to do with the beloved children's classic",[54] reviewers and commentators in social media (such as posters on the publisher's Facebook page) have said the art evokes Lolita, Valley of the Dolls, and JonBenet Ramsey; looks like a scene from Toddlers & Tiaras; and is "misleading," "creepy," "sexualised," "grotesque," "misjudged on every level," "distasteful and disrespectful to a gifted author and his work," "pretentious," "trashy", "outright inappropriate," "terrifying," "really obnoxious," and "weird & kind of paedophilic."[51][55][56]

The publisher explained its objective in a blog post accompanying the announcement about the jacket art: "This new image . . . looks at the children at the center of the story, and highlights the way Roald Dahl’s writing manages to embrace both the light and the dark aspects of life."[57] Additionally, Penguin Press's Helen Conford told the Bookseller: "We wanted something that spoke about the other qualities in the book. It's a children's story that also steps outside children's and people aren't used to seeing Dahl in that way." She continued: "[There is] a lot of ill feeling about it, I think because it's such a treasured book and a book which isn't really a 'crossover book'" As she acknowledged: "People want it to remain as a children's book."

The New Yorker describes what it calls this "strangely but tellingly misbegotten" cover design thusly: "The image is a photograph, taken from a French fashion shoot, of a glassy-eyed, heavily made-up little girl. Behind her sits, a mother figure, stiff and coiffed, casting an ominous shadow. The girl, with her long, perfectly waved platinum-blond hair and her pink feather boa, looks like a pretty and inert doll—" The article continues: "And if the Stepford daughter on the cover is meant to remind us of Veruca Salt or Violet Beauregarde, she doesn't: those badly behaved squirts are bubbling over with rude life." Moreover, writes Talbot, "The Modern Classics cover has not a whiff of this validation of childish imagination; instead, it seems to imply a deviant adult audience."[52]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Martin Chilton (18 November 2010) The 25 best children's books Archived 15 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine The Daily Telegraph
  2. ^ "Repton School 'helped inspire Dahl' to write Charlie". BBC. 12 November 2015. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  3. ^ Bathroom Readers' Institute. "You're My inspiration ❤❤." Uncle John's Fast-Acting Long-Lasting Bathroom Reader. Ashland: Bathroom Reader's Press, 2005. 13.
  4. ^ a b c d e Siddique, Haroon (13 September 2017). "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory hero 'was originally black'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  5. ^ Russo, Maria (22 September 2017). "The Real Story Behind Roald Dahl's 'Black Charlie'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kennedy, Maev (29 August 2014). "Lost chapter of Charlie and Chocolate Factory published". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  7. ^ a b c d Jones, Miracle (2 February 2009). "'Spotty Powder,' the Lost Chapter from Roald Dahl's 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' (blog)". The Fiction Circus. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  8. ^ a b Dahl, Roald; Blake, Quentin (ill.) (2010). The Missing Golden Ticket and Other Splendiferous Secrets. New York City: Puffin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-241742-3. Retrieved 12 August 2016. (published in England as Spotty Powder and other Splendiferous Secrets, ISBN 978-0-14-133040-2)
  9. ^ a b c d e Mangan, Lucy (30 August 2014). "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory at 50". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  10. ^ a b "The Warming Candy Room". Roald Dahl Archive. 2016. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  11. ^ a b c Mangan, Lucy (13 September 2014). "Top 10 characters that didn't make Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  12. ^ a b c d "Miranda Mary Piker". Roald Dahl Archive. 2016. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  13. ^ a b c d "The Vanilla Fudge Room". Roald Dahl Archive. 2016. Archived from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  14. ^ Dahl, Roald (1973). "Spotty Powder". Puffin Post. 7 (1): 8–10.
  15. ^ "The secret ordeal of Miranda Piker". The Times. 23 July 2005. Retrieved 12 August 2016. (subscription required)
  16. ^ Lynch, PJ (28 April 2010). "Miranda Mary Piker (blog)". P J Lynch: Drawing, Painting and Illustration. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  17. ^ a b Dahl, Roald (30 August 2014). "A previously unpublished chapter of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory ("The Vanilla Fudge Room" is from an early draft of Roald Dahl's most famous novel. With new illustrations by Quentin Blake)". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 August 2014.
  18. ^ Calamur, Krishnadev (1 September 2014). "For Anniversary, A New Chapter Of 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory'". NPR. Archived from the original on 14 May 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  19. ^ Christensen, Lauren (11 September 2014). "How the Lost Chapter of Charlie and the Chocolate Factor Was Discovered". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  20. ^ Sturrock, Donald (2010). Storyteller: The Authorised Biography of Roald Dahl. New York City: Simon & Schuster. pp. 495–499. ISBN 978-1-4165-5082-2. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  21. ^ a b Cameron, Eleanor (October 1972). "McLuhan, Youth, and Literature: Part I". The Horn Book Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2008. And this leads me once more to Eudora Welty before I go on to a certain children's book I have in mind, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (Knopf). [...] I was compelled to go back once again to her fine little monograph Place in Fiction. In this small book Miss Welty sets forth her belief not only in the power of place in any created work but in the ways in which place exerts control over character portrayal, of how exceedingly important is explicitness of detail and a steady lucidity and uncompromise of purpose. She speaks further of how place has deeply to do with three kinds of goodness in fiction: the goodness and validity of the raw material, the goodness of the writing, and the goodness of the writer himself, his worth as a human being. And this worth is always mercilessly revealed in his writing, because there we discover his roots or lack of them, the place where he stands, his point of view or lack of it.
    [...]Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (together with Charlotte's Web [Harper]) is probably the book most read aloud by those teachers who have no idea, apparently, what other books they might read to the children. Charlie, again along with Charlotte's Web, is always at the top of the best sellers among children's books, put there by fond aunts and grandmothers and parents buying it as the perfect gift, knowing no better. And I do think this a most curious coupling: on the one hand, one of the most tasteless books ever written for children; and on the other, one of the best. We are reminded of Ford Madox Ford's observation that only two classes of books are universal in their appeal: the very best and the very worst.
    [...] [Charlie] is like candy (the chief excitement and lure of Charlie) in that it is delectable and soothing while we are undergoing the brief sensory pleasure it affords but leaves us poorly nourished with our taste dulled for better fare. I think it will be admitted of the average TV show that goes on from week to week that there is no time, either from the point of view of production or the time allowed for showing, to work deeply at meaning or characterisation. All interest depends upon the constant, unremitting excitement of the turns of plot. And if character or likelihood of action – that is, inevitability – must be wrenched to fit the necessities of plot, there is no time to be concerned about this either by the director or by the audience. Nor will the tuned-in, turned-on, keyed-up television watcher give the superficial quality of the show so much as a second thought. He has been temporarily amused; what is there to complain about? And like all those nursing at the electronic bosom in McLuhan's global village (as he likes to call it), so everybody in Willy Wonka's chocolate factory is enclosed in its intoxicating confines forever: all the workers, including the little Oompa-Loompas brought over from Africa and, by the end of the book, Charlie and his entire family.
  22. ^ Paul A. Woods (2007) Tim Burton: A Child's Garden of Nightmares p.177. Plexus, 2007
  23. ^ Tim Burton, Mark Salisbury, Johnny Depp "Burton on Burton". p.223. Macmillan, 2006
  24. ^ Charlotte Higgins. "From Beatrix Potter to Ulysses ... what the top writers say every child should read". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  25. ^ Fisher, Douglas; et al. (2004). "Interactive Read-Alouds: Is There a Common Set of Implementation Practices?" (PDF). The Reading Teacher. 58 (1): 8–17. doi:10.1598/rt.58.1.1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  26. ^ "Top ten books parents think children should read". The Telegraph. 19 August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  27. ^ Caviness, Tod. "Reading by Nine features Roald Dahl book". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  28. ^ "Previous Winners of the BILBY Awards: 1990 – 96" (PDF). Queensland: The Children's Book Council of Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  29. ^ "BBC – The Big Read". Archived from the original on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  30. ^ National Education Association (2007). "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children". Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  31. ^ a b Bird, Elizabeth (7 July 2012). "Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results". A Fuse No. 8 Production. Blog. School Library Journal (blog.schoollibraryjournal.com). Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  32. ^ "100 Best Young-Adult Books". Time. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  33. ^ Cheetham, Dominic (2006). "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; Versions and Changes". 英文学と英語学 [English Literature and Language]. Tokyo: 上智大学英文学科 [Sophia University, Department of English]. 43: 77–96. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  34. ^ Townsend, John Rowe (1974). Written for Children: an outline of English-language children's literature. Harmondsworth: Kestrel Books. p. 255. ISBN 0722654669. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  35. ^ Le Guin, Ursula K. (April 1973). "Letters to the Editor (on McLuhan, Youth, and Literature: Part I)". The Horn Book Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2008. Eleanor Cameron's remarks on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in the Horn Book may draw some fire upon her; it's always perilous to do anything to a best-seller but adulate it. My response to her October article is one of relief and hearty thanks. It is good to have an accurate diagnosis of one's vague feelings of unease, and to find that somebody else – especially a gentle and perceptive critic – has been feeling a bit queasy too.
    That Mr Dahl's books have a very powerful effect on children is evident. Kids between 8 and 11 seem to be truly fascinated by them; one of mine used to finish Charlie and then start it right over from the beginning (she was subject to these fits for about two months at age 11). She was like one possessed while reading it, and for a while after reading she was, for a usually amiable child, quite nasty. Apparently the books, with their wish-fulfilment, their slam-bang action, and their ethical crassness, provide a genuine escape experience, a tiny psychological fugue, very like that provided by comic books.
  36. ^ Dahl, Roald (February 1973). ""Charlie and the Chocolate Factory": A Reply". The Horn Book Magazine. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 15 August 2016. I would dearly like to see Mrs. Cameron trying to read Little Women, or Robinson Crusoe for that matter, to a class of today's children. The lady is completely out of touch with reality. She would be howled out of the classroom. She also says, "I should like to travel up and down the country going to elementary schools and saying to all the teachers: Find out about the good children’s books.” I myself would like very much to hear what the teachers’ replies would be if the patronizing, all-knowing Mrs. Cameron ever tried to do this.
  37. ^ Symon, Evan V. (14 January 2013). "10 Deleted Chapters that Transformed Famous Books". listverse.com. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  38. ^ Kara K. Keeling; Scott T. Pollard (15 December 2008). Critical Approaches to Food in Children's Literature. Taylor & Francis. pp. 221–. ISBN 978-0-203-88891-9. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  39. ^ "Willy Wonka company information". Careers in Food. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
  40. ^ "Alton Towers Theme Park, Staffordshire". The Guardian. 8 July 2006. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  41. ^ "The Golden Ticket". Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  42. ^ a b "Official: CHARLIE AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY to Play Theatre Royal, Drury Lane; Begins May 18". BroadwayWorld.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  43. ^ "West End Winners". theatrebookings.com. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  44. ^ Kroll, Justin (19 October 2016). "'Willy Wonka' New Film in the Works From David Heyman and Warner Bros. (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety.
  45. ^ Kit, Borys (12 February 2018). "'Paddington' Director Paul King in Talks for 'Willy Wonka' (Exclusive)". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  46. ^ Rowney, JoAnne (27 November 2018). "Netflix's new Roald Dahl animated series 'reimagines' Matilda and Willy Wonka". Mirror.
  47. ^ Blistein, Jon (27 November 2018). "Netflix Plots New Animated 'Willy Wonka' and 'Matilda' Shows". Rolling Stone.
  48. ^ Taika Waititi Making Not One, But Two ‘Charlie and the Chocolate Factory’ Animated Series for Netflix
  49. ^ McCall, Douglas (2013). Monty Python: A Chronology, 1969-2012, 2d ed. McFarland. p. 166.
  50. ^ Galindo, Brian (8 March 2013). "The Evolution Of 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' Book Covers". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  51. ^ a b c d "Publisher defends 'creepy' Roald Dahl book cover". BBC News. 8 August 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  52. ^ a b Talbot, Margaret (29 August 2014). "Cultural Comment: Meant For Kids". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  53. ^ Kaplan, Sarah (15 August 2014). "What divisive 'Charlie and the Chocolate Factory' cover says about books and readers". The Washington Post.
  54. ^ Kim, Eun Kyung (7 August 2014). "Creepy New Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Book Cover Confuses Readers". Today. Archived from the original on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  55. ^ Kaplan, Sarah (15 August 2014). "What divisive Charlie and the Chocolate Factory cover says about books and readers". The Washington Post.
  56. ^ Kim, Eun Kyung (7 August 2014). "Creepy New Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Book Cover Confuses Readers". Today. Archived from the original on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
  57. ^ "Exclusive: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory". Penguinblog.co.uk. 6 August 2014. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014.

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Deleted chapters[edit]

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